Healthcare workers who are on the front line of coronavirus disease 2019 and are also undergoing shift schedules face long work hours with few pauses, experience desynchronization of their circadian rhythm, and an imbalance between work hours effort and reward in saving lives, resulting in an impact on work capacity, aggravated by the lack of personal protective equipment, few resources and precarious infrastructure, and fear of contracting the virus and contaminating family members. Some consequences are sleep deprivation, chronic insomnia, stress-related (...) sleep disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These sleep alterations critically affect mental health, precipitating or perpetuating anxiety, stress, and depression, resulting in the inability to regulate positive and negative emotions. Pre-existing sleep disorders are an important risk factor for the development and maintenance of PSTD when individuals are exposed to an important stressor such as a COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, how an individual regulates the emotion associated with worries during daytime functioning impacts nighttime sleep, precipitating and perpetuating difficulties in sleeping. All of these changes in sleep and emotional regulation also alter the immune system. Sleep deprivation is commonly associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, due to the desynchronizations in circadian rhythms, causing possible psychophysiological disorders and impaired neuroimmune-endocrine homeostasis. From this perspective, we clarify in this article how sleep disorders affect the immune system and emotional regulation, explaining their phenomenological and neurobiological mechanisms, and discussing elements of cognitive and behavioral coping for health professionals to adopt and manage a healthier sleep pattern in the COVID-19 outbreak. (shrink)

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de delimitar el componente epistemológico en la indagación reflexiva de las teorías procedimentales de la justicia, específicamente, describiendo el modo en el que se exacerban en un modus operandi que se denomina como cartesianismo político, es decir, como la búsqueda cognitiva de ideas claras y distintas que normativizan la administración de la vida; posteriormente, se propondrá, en antagonismo al cartesianismo político, la posibilidad de regular la indagación en torno a los procedimientos para lograr una estructura (...) básica de justicia social a partir del principio de interlocución lógica, como garantía del primer principio de una teoría procedimental de la justicia: la imparcialidad. En esta dirección, se expondrá el carácter cultural y epistémico de la imparcialidad, tratando de relaborar un marco de comprensión que, en vez de prescindir de las mentalidades culturales, las incluya como elemento dinamizador de la interacción en los procedimientos de elección de estructuras básicas de justicia. (shrink)

Convocada por diferentes estudiosos de los Padres de la Iglesia y del cristianismo antiguo en Latinoamérica, a saber, los profesores Ana Cristina Villa Betancourt, Andrés Mauricio Quevedo Rodríguez y Estiven Valencia Marín, de Colombia; Alejandro Nicola y Francisco Basttita-Harriet, de Argentina; Bruno Gripp, de Brasil; Pamela Chávez Aguilar, de Chile; y Jesús Ma. Aguiñaga Fernández, de México.

La ponencia tiene como pretensión, señalar algunas implicaciones conceptuales y curriculares, que la discusión fe-razón tendría para la docencia universitaria, tanto confesionales, como no confesionales. Para ello, la presentación se apoya en las posiciones expuestas por Habermas y el Cardenal J. Ratzinger, en un debate hace dos años. Consta de los siguientes aspectos: 1. En una primera parte, se hace una presentación de la caracterización que hace Habermas, de lo que él denomina las sociedades post-seculares y la forma como se (...) ven impelidas a articularse distintas visiones del mundo, no siempre ni necesariamente opuestas, más sí diferentes; su análisis se orienta a mostrar la necesidad de flexibilizar dichas posiciones, en aquellos componentes que no afectan la esencia de la verdad de cada quien. 2. En la segunda parte, se hace la presentación del punto de vista del Cardenal Ratzinger, quien le señala a las visiones racionalistas filosóficas, la necesidad de que éstas también se apliquen a sí los filtros de la crítica misma de la razón, e identifiquen aquellos elementos igualmente inconclusos, parciales e insuficientes, que han hecho que las visiones racionalistas dejen por fuera de sus análisis, elementos que son inherentes al ser humano y, de los cuales, no pueden ser despojados por el arbitrio del juicio de la razón. 3. Finalmente, se plantean unas conclusiones, a manera de recomendaciones, de cara a la docencia universitaria, con relación específica al enfoque con el cual se imparten asignaturas de formación cristiana, de carácter obligatorio en las universidades confesionales. (shrink)

A version of intuitionistic type theory is extended with opposite types, allowing a different formalization of negation and obtaining a paraconsistent type theory (⁠|$\textsf{PTT} $|⁠). The rules for opposite types in |$\textsf{PTT} $| are based on the rules of the so-called constructible falsity. A propositions-as-types correspondence between the many-sorted paraconsistent logic |$\textsf{PL}_\textsf{S} $| (a many-sorted extension of López-Escobar’s refutability calculus presented in natural deduction format) and |$\textsf{PTT} $| is proven. Moreover, a translation of |$\textsf{PTT} $| into intuitionistic type theory is (...) presented and some properties of |$\textsf{PTT} $| are discussed. (shrink)

This article by Pat Moloney discusses two visions about the medieval concept labeled as “the edenic discourse” and its relation with the Hobbesian concept of “the nature state”. These visions are: First: Christian Tradition in which The Garden of Eden was an historical moment for mankind, a moment of harmony and innocence: God began creation, and He set Adam as centre of it and king of all species; Adam possessed wisdom, virtue, sinless life and the power of naming all species. (...) Moloney discusses the main versions of this vision, represented by some authors from medieval times, the origin of edenic vision, until contemporary authors. This work is based in Genesis. Second: Discussing the second vision Moloney deals with a vision opposite to the latter, represented by Thomas Hobbes. The article explains the hobbesian analysis about “the nature state” concept, expounded by Hobbes mainly in Leviathan and De Cive. Moloney explains the opposition between these visions, the edenic and the hobbesian discourses, and uses language and sovereignty concepts as the main line of his exposition. (shrink)

El artículo consta de dos partes: en la primera se hacen algunos comentarios aclaratorios y de contexto acerca del origen de los tres textos de Thomas Hobbes, de los cuales se presenta una versión en castellano y constituyen la segunda parte y la más relevante del artículo. La primera parte se centra en hacer evidente la importancia de éstos, considerados representativos del periodo de juventud del autor y su papel y lugar en el pensamiento político hobbesiano, así como la relación (...) de éste con sus trabajos sobre ciencia natural. De ahí que el tema del método sea central en dicha relación. (shrink)

El artículo presenta un análisis de la categoría “estado de naturaleza” en John Locke para lo cual se hace un recorrido por el capítulo II del texto Segundo Tratado sobre el Gobierno Civil publicado por el autor en 1690. Para ello se identifican las características que, según el autor, configuran el estado de naturaleza del hombre, como son la libertad, la igualdad, la vida, la relación con Dios. Se analiza además, la actividad primordial y fundante del estado de naturaleza como (...) es la actividad económica que a partir del trabajo, conduce a la propiedad y al mercado. (shrink)

This essay present shortly the differential character of the concepts of knowledge, epistemology and paradigm has in the development of the degree work or thesis. It begins with the discussion of these concepts, and then establishes the relation between those and the degree work.

Par son rôle déterminant dans la réussite scolaire et professionnelle, ainsi que dans l’insertion sociale, l’apprentissage de l’orthographe lexicale représente un défi majeur pour les élèves du primaire. Dans ce contexte, nombreux sont les enseignants, orthophonistes et chercheurs à s’intéresser à la question des outils utiles à son enseignement et à son apprentissage, et à avoir recours notamment à des bases de données lexicales. Bien qu’elles constituent un apport considérable pour le domaine, les ressources existantes souffrent de plusieurs insuffisances. D’une (...) part, elles s’appuient sur des corpus de référence peu représentatifs du lexique scolaire auquel les élèves sont exposés au primaire, et d’autre part, elles ne permettent pas aux utilisateurs de déterminer la façon dont se développe l’acquisition de l’orthographe lexicale. À la lumière de ces constats, nous avons élaboré une ressource lexicale hybride, rendant compte à la fois de la fréquence et des caractéristiques linguistiques du lexique scolaire présent dans les manuels du primaire au Québec et, pour une partie des mots de ce lexique, de la capacité des élèves à les orthographier à chaque niveau du primaire. Dans cet article, nous revenons dans un premier temps sur la méthodologie d’élaboration de cette nouvelle base de données - nommée ÉQOL - dotée d’une Échelle Québécoise d’acquisition de l’Orthographe Lexicale, à l’origine de la création de la base de données. Dans un deuxième temps, nous évaluons l’apport de cet outil. La comparaison de notre base de données (Stanké, Royle, Rezzonico, Moreau, Dumais & Le Mené 2018) à des outils existants (trois bases de données et une échelle d’acquisition lexicale) témoigne de la pertinence de la création d’un outil propre au lexique scolaire adressé aux élèves du primaire et de la nécessité d’utiliser une nouvelle échelle d’acquisition de l’orthographe lexicale, spécifique aux compétences orthographiques des élèves québécois. (shrink)

Se adapta al título del libro de Andre Gunder Frank para proponer un esquema de conjunto de la historia americana desde una visión no eurocéntrica y desde la historia mundial. El acento no se coloca en la relación del continente con la Europa mediterránea o atlántica, ni en procesos endógenos, sino en los contactos que mantuvo con las otras civilizaciones del Viejo Mundo: África, la Europa oriental, Rusia, el Medio Oriente, India, China y el Pacífico. Se argumenta que antes de (...) la llegada europea hubo una etapa fuertemente influida por las relaciones con Asia. Éstas continuaron aún en época colonial, en términos comerciales, demográficos y artísticos, junto a una fuerte inmigración e influencia cultural africana. Si bien la independencia supuso una serie de ilusiones sobre el fomento de las relaciones con Asia, el siglo xix fue de creciente influencia europea (demográfica, militar, política, económica, cultural). El esquema propuesto puede servir para entender mejor los procesos por los cuales en nuestros días América, como el resto del mundo, está entrando nuevamente en la órbita asiática. (shrink)

This work presents a proposal for the characterization of the UnconfinedCompressive Strength test, through a series of operations that can be carried outwithout inconvenience in the field. Initially, fresh rock samples are obtained from outcropsin the area and specimens of specific dimensions are made. After the test specimenelaboration phase, crushing and granulometric classification tests are carried out witha set of specimens and in parallel with a second group, UCS tests are carried out. With theresults, the rock is characterized by graphing (...) granulometric curves and in this graph theareas of fine granulometry are focused, inserting in these areas, the average value of UCS,with which it can be identified and determined when it is really necessary and It is inevitableto send rock samples to laboratories, thus saving time and money for the mining project. Keywords: compression, crushing, granulometry, rock. References [1] F. Blyth and M. de Freitas. Geología para Ingenieros. México: CEGSA, 2003. [2] F. Escolano and A. Mazariegos de la Serna. Guía de reconocimiento de rocas en Ingeniería Civil. España: Editorial Garceta, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2014. [3] G. Stefano and J. Segovia. Notas del curso de Arte Minero I. Ecuador: Universidad del Azuay, 1991. [4] A. Maistri. Guía al Curso de Tratamiento de Minerales y a las Prácticas de Laboratorio. Ecuador: Universidad del Azuay, 1993. [5] O. Bustamante. Conminución de Minerales Trituración y Molienda. Colombia: Instituto de Minerales CIMEX, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, 2006. [6] E. Feijoo, C. Flores and B. Feijoo, "The Concept of the Granulometric Area and Its Relation with the Resistance to theSimple Compression of Rocks," 2019 7th International Engineering, Sciences and Technology Conference, Panama,Panama, 2019, pp. 52-56. [7] E. Feijoo and C. Iñiguez, “Corte en rocas y su relación con la resistencia a compresión simple”, RISTI, N.o E 30, pp. 59-67,junio 2020. [8] M. Galván. Mecánica de Rocas. Correlación entre la Resistencia a Carga Puntual y la Resistencia a Compresión Simple. Colombia: Universidad del Valle, 2015. [9] W. Marín. Evaluación de parámetros materiales de fractura en roca intacta. Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombiasede Medellín, 2017. [10]E. Feijoo and J. Padrón, “La resistividad de rocas y su relación con la resistencia a compresión simple en mina”, UCT, vol. 24, Núm. 99, pp. 61-67, abril 2020. (shrink)

Current work in language models (LMs) helps us speed up or even skip thinking by accelerating and automating cognitive work. But can LMs help us with critical thinking -- thinking in deeper, more reflective ways which challenge assumptions, clarify ideas, and engineer new concepts? We treat philosophy as a case study in critical thinking, and interview 21 professional philosophers about how they engage in critical thinking and on their experiences with LMs. We find that philosophers do not find LMs to (...) be useful because they lack a sense of selfhood (memory, beliefs, consistency) and initiative (curiosity, proactivity). We propose the selfhood-initiative model for critical thinking tools to characterize this gap. Using the model, we formulate three roles LMs could play as critical thinking tools: the Interlocutor, the Monitor, and the Respondent. We hope that our work inspires LM researchers to further develop LMs as critical thinking tools and philosophers and other 'critical thinkers' to imagine intellectually substantive uses of LMs. (shrink)

We present a fully relational definition of inertial systems based in the No Arbitrariness Principle, that eliminates the need for absolute inertial frames of reference or distinguished reference systems as the ``fixed stars'' in order to formulate Newtonian mechanics. The historical roots of this approach to mechanics are discussed as well. The work is based in part in the constructivist perspective of space advanced by Piaget. We argue that inertial systems admit approximations and that what is of practical use are (...) precisely such approximations. We finally discuss a slightly larger class of systems that we call ``relatively inertial'' which are the fundamental systems in a relational view of mechanics. (shrink)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitude of a group of cardiologists on the ethical conducts they would accept or adopt when encountered with different hypothetical situations of medical practice. Between August and September of 2011, 700 Argentine cardiologists were surveyed in situations which posed ethical dilemmas in the patient-physician relationship, among colleagues or involving financial agreements with employers or the pharmaceutical industry. Ethical conflicts were evidenced in a series of inappropriate conducts such as differential fees, trips (...) and meals sponsored by laboratories, splitting fees, overbilling, self-referral, charging for patient referral, financial compensation for ordering medical procedures, and various situations derived from the relationship with employers. In general, financial compensation from the pharmaceutical industry was more accepted than the conflictive situations which directly involved patients, colleagues or employers. The rejection of these conducts, the physicians' deontological education and the improvement of financial and organizational conditions in medical practice will help to encourage better medical professionalism and avoid unseemly behaviors. (shrink)

This paper presents a critical reflection on insights into the ongoing endeavours for community engagement by Ayara and MAL; two urban grassroot organisations in Bogota, Colombia, where a long history of internal conflicts has resulted in diverse human right violations. The paper presents examples of the grassroots organisations’ unique methods of engagement that promotes building collective intelligence from the bottom–up through creative collaboration and design processes, leading to rebuilding social fabrics that support the common good for the people of Bogota.

This reconsideration of Hume’s classic essay “Of Miracles” via the lens of American pragmatist ways of thinking about history and power shifts our attention from Hume’s epistemic concerns about the legitimacy of witnesses and testimony to his distaste for sacred history, his critical stance regarding the social force of revelation, and his disdain for religious authority. To view Hume’s essay both as an articulation of a critical philosophy of history and as an exercise in moral dynamism (social power or, authority, (...) is a result of epistemic transactions), is to intervene in both Hume studies and Contemporary Pragmatism. (shrink)

Cet ouvrage explore l'itinéraire intellectuel d'André-François Boureau-Deslandes (1689-1757), commissaire général de la Marine, philosophe, savant, moraliste, historien des techniques. Cette étude comporte une analyse détaillée de tous les travaux de l'auteur, en privilégiant ses textes inédits, erronément attribués, ignorés ou à peine recensés. Le but de cette étude est d'attirer l'attention sur une figure complexe d'écrivain et de penseur, dont l'œuvre devrait finalement trouver sa place dans la discipline de l'Histoire de la philosophie et mériterait d'être considérée dans son intégralité, (...) non seulement pour sa valeur intrinsèque, mais aussi parce qu'elle permet, par sa singularité, de mettre en évidence le clair-obscur d'un contexte philosophique, aussi bien culturel que moral : celui de la rencontre et de l'enchevêtrement de l'esprit libertin et l'esprit des Lumières dans la première moitié du XVIIIe siècle. (shrink)

La comprensión de lo histórico por medio de la “revivencia” en Dilthey confluye con la idea de re-enactment en la teoría de la imaginación histórica de Collingwood a través de la autognosis. Este conocimiento de sí constituye la actividad primordial de la comprensión histórica y es llevado a cabo por el individuo que comprende de acuerdo con los significados vitales y sociohistóricos de su época. Así, las tradiciones del empirismo y del idealismo se acercan en aras de una reflexión sobre (...) la actividad efectiva del historiador. Se analiza, entonces, cuál es el rol de la autoconciencia en el conocimiento humano, atendiendo a las diferencias entre la psicología de ambos pensadores. (shrink)

While mechanics was developed under the idea of reciprocal action (interactions), electromagnetism, as we know it today, takes a form more akin to unilateral action. Interactions call for spatial relations, unilateral action calls for space, just one reference centre. In contrast, interactions are matters of relations that require at least two centres. The development of the relational electromagnetism encouraged by Gauss appears to stop around 1870 for reasons that are not completely clear but are certainly not solely scientific. By the (...) same time, Maxwell recognised the equivalence in formulae of his electromagnetism and the one advocated by Gauss and called for an explanation of why such theories so differently conceived have such a large part in common. In this work we reconstruct and update the relational electromagnetism up to the contributions of Lorentz guided by the non-arbitrariness principle (NAP) that requests arbitrary choices to be accompanied by groups of symmetries. We show that a-priori there must be two more symmetries in electromagnetism, one related to the breaking (in the description) of the relation source/detector and one relating all the perceptions of the same source by detectors moving with different (constant) relative velocities. We show that the idea of electromagnetic waves put forward in concept by Lorenz (1861-1863) before Maxwell (1865) and in formulae (1867) just after Maxwell, together with the ``least action principle'' proposed by Lorentz are enough to derive Maxwell's equations, the continuity equation and the Lorentz' force, and that there is a dual formulation in terms of fields of the receiver (as opposed to fields of the source). While Galilean transformations are associated with removing the arbitrariness implied in the election of a reference space, they will not explicitly appear in a formulation based upon a relational space although we occasionally mention their usefulness. In contrast, Lorentz' transformations will emerge in this formulation involving the relations between the perceived fields of different receivers. Moreover, the role of the full Poincaré-Lorentz group as a group of transformations of the perceived actions is elucidated. In summary, we answer Maxwell's philosophical question showing how the same theory in formulae can be abduced using different inferred entities. Each form of abduction implies as well an interpretation and a facilitation of the theoretical construction. This work relies heavily on logical concepts as abduction put forward by C. Peirce, needed for the construction of theories. (shrink)

La experi enci a hermenéut i ca t raduceuna vivencia para realizar un proceso deinvestigación que conlleva la formacióndel ser. La experiencia hermenéutica sevive mediante el proceso, la estructuray e l p r o c e d i mi e n t o . E l p r o c e s o s edesarrolla a través de los prejuicios, lareflexión, el análisis, la compresión, lainterpretación y la síntesis, los cualesinvaden el procedimiento y la estructura.El procedimiento contempla el problema,l a (...) hi pótesi s, l a hi stori a de conceptos,el estado en cuestión y el acopio de lainformación, todo ello con el objeto decrear una cosa, con vida propia; para ello,se procura conversar con las autoridades,llegar a un acuerdo en la unidad de sentidoy l egi t i marl a, mi ent ras es vi vi da porotros. Tanto el proceso y el procedimientose mueven en una est r uct ur a que semanifiesta en el círculo de la compresión,creciendo concéntricamente, mientras varelacionando el todo con sus partes enfusión de horizontes.The hermeneutic experience means ane xpe r i e nc e t o do a r e s e ar c h pr oc e s sthat involves formation of the self. Thehermeneutic experience is lived throughthe process, structure and procedure. Theprocess is developed through prejudice,r e f l e c t i o n , a n a l y s i s , c o mp r e s s i o n ,interpretation and synthesis, which cani nvade t he pr ocedur e and s t r uct ur e.The procedure addresses the problem,hypothesis, the history of concepts, thestate concerned and the recollection ofinformation, all with the aim of creatinga thing with its own life. To this end, onetries to talk with the authorities, reach anagreement on the unity of meaning andlegitimate it, while it is lived by others.Both the process and the procedure aremoving in a structure that is manifestedi n t he cycl e of compressi on, growi ngconcentrically, while is linking the wholeto its parts in fusion of horizons. (shrink)

Under the lig ht of Being and Nothingness’s the o re t ical body – Sartre’s master piece –, it is intended to discuss the essential source of human reality as “n i h i l a t i o n” and ontological lack, as well as manifestations and cons e q u e nces from this primordial human passion to be transformed to coagulated transcendence, to be transformed in Being In-itself-For-itself: to be consciousness and, at the same t i (...) me, to be a complete and finished Being, with infinite de nsity and witho u t fissures. (shrink)

The prospective formalization of the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphic unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy has been intensely debated. This paper explores and assesses the stakes of this process from a philosophical perspective. I distinguish two senses of formalization—the descriptive and the evaluative—and argue that: 1) there are descriptive and evaluative formalizations of the Anthropocene beyond the confines of the ICS; 2) incoherencies between Anthropocene proposals and the ICS’s current tenets are not a decisive reason for deferring descriptive formalization; (...) and 3) the prospective evaluative formalization of the Anthropocene by the ICS would be impactful. (shrink)

An examination of David Hume's philosophy of religion that situates his conception "true religion" within the context of his overall science of human nature, his rejection of popular religion, and his Ciceronian influence"--Provided by publisher.

During the second half of the nineteenth century, electronegativity has been one of the most relevant chemical concepts to explain the relationships between chemical substances and their possible reactions. Specifically, EN is a property of the substances that allows them to attract external electrons in bonding situations. The problem arises because EN cannot be measured directly. Indeed, the only way to measure it is through different properties that do can be directly measured, for instance enthalpy, ionization energies or electron affinities. (...) What is particularly troubling about this case in quantum chemistry is that the different models used to describe and quantify EN are incompatible but, in a certain sense, equivalent because the same EN scale results in all of them. By analyzing Linus Pauling’s and Robert Mulliken’s models of EN, it will be argued that, if we remain cling to a traditional representative conception of models, we cannot understand the meaning of the information provided by those models. Indeed, if we do not want to adopt an instrumentalist point of view concerning chemical knowledge, we should reconsider by virtue of what a model represents the system, or, in other words, which the factors that determine the representative power of a model are. I will propose a new perspective that incorporates the role of experimental techniques in the very notion of representation; this perspective allows us to understand how supposedly incompatible models of the same target system can be both simultaneously representative. (shrink)

Our purpose is to describe the application of legitimate defense in so-called non-confrontational situations. To do this, we will conceptualize gender violence as that which against women, due to their condition as such, and we will describe the absence by the courts in the identification of this problem. Second, we will analyze the reception of Argentine and international legislation on the treatment of gender violence and the recommendations and criteria to take into account when interpreting and applying criminal law. Finally, (...) we will present the treatment of legitimate defense in contexts of gender violence, analyzing each of its elements. Our conclusions will focus on the need to address situations of gender violence based on international regulations for the application of legitimate defense in non-confrontational situations. (shrink)

A new proof style adequate for modal logics is defined from the polynomial ring calculus. The new semantics not only expresses truth conditions of modal formulas by means of polynomials, but also permits to perform deductions through polynomial handling. This paper also investigates relationships among the PRC here defined, the algebraic semantics for modal logics, equational logics, the Dijkstra???Scholten equational-proof style, and rewriting systems. The method proposed is throughly exemplified for S 5, and can be easily extended to other modal (...) logics. (shrink)

Las ideas de Simón Bolívar sobre América y sobre Europa han recibido alguna atención de los investigadores. Mucho menos las que expresó sobre Asia y África. Aunque fueron marginales a su pensamiento, la reunión de sus alusiones al respecto permite arrojar alguna luz sobre la reflexión de la Independencia y sobre los cambios que el Libertador experimentó en su percepción del naciente mundo que aparecía ante sus ojos. Partiendo de una actitud orientalista y despectiva inicial, con el tiempo llegó a (...) pensar que el Oriente no podía descartarse como influencia en las instituciones americanas. (shrink)

El historiador francés Ernest Renan publicó en 1863 una Vida de Jesús que cuestionaba la divinidad del mismo. Causó escándalo e intentos de refutación. Se estudian algunas reacciones en América Latina y se describe el proceso por el cual Renan llegó posteriormente a ser aceptado por círculos conservadores. The French historian Ernest Renan published in 1863 a Life of Jesus that questioned his divinity. The book aroused scandal and attempts of rebuttal. This analysis examines some of the reactions in Latin (...) America, as well as the process by which Renan came later to be accepted in conservative circles. (shrink)

Drawing on recent findings, this study examines whether valence concordant electromyography (EMG) responses can be explained as an unconditional effect of mere stimulus processing or as somatosensory simulation driven by task-dependent processing strategies. While facial EMG over the Corrugator supercilii and the Zygomaticus major was measured, each participant performed two tasks with pictures of album covers. One task was an affective evaluation task and the other was to attribute the album covers to one of five decades. The Embodied Emotion Account (...) predicts that valence concordant EMG is more likely to occur if the task necessitates a somatosensory simulation of the evaluative meaning of stimuli. Results support this prediction with regard to Corrugator supercilii in that valence concordant EMG activity was only present in the affective evaluation task but not in the non-evaluative task. Results for the Zygomaticus major were ambiguous. Our findings are in line with the view that EMG activity is an embodied part of the evaluation process and not a mere physical outcome. (shrink)

The incompatibility within the context of modeling cannot be established simpliciter. The fact that modeling is understood as an activity whose representational power can only be partially established, may minimize the supposed existence of incompatible models. Indeed, it is argued from perspectivism that incompatibility can be dissolved, meaning that it becomes trivial or simply false due to the inherently pragmatic and partial nature of the act of representation and modeling. From this perspective, incompatibility can only be a consequence of a (...) misunderstanding of the very nature of modeling and representation In this sense, in order to tackle this strategy at its root from perspectivism, we will first need to outline the maximal perspectivism thesis, attempting to identify the possible escape routes that perspectivism could find in order to explain incompatibility as an illusory incompatibility. Then, we will analyze Valence Bond Model and Molecular Model of covalent bonds, and we will conclude that the dissuasive strategies used to minimize and/or disregard incompatibility prove to be fruitless. (shrink)

Este artículo identifica los principales antecedentes legislativos y jurisprudenciales de la evidencia digital en Colombia, con miras a detallar su tratamiento en el proceso judicial; así mismo, pretende evidenciar cómo opera la cláusula de exclusión, y de qué manera se protege el derecho a la intimidad, en la obtención de evidencia digital, desde distintos medios de almacenamiento. La metodología es cualitativa y se utilizó la técnica de la revisión documental y la entrevista a expertos, para mostrar una realidad respecto a (...) una problemática de valoración de las pruebas tecnológicas, en los casos de ilicitud, y brindar aportes para mejorar la comprensión y la dimensión de su práctica en el proceso judicial. La principal conclusión es que no se le puede negar eficacia y validez probatoria por estar en forma de bytes, siempre y cuando se pueda establecer la autenticidad del contenido y la correspondencia con el autor. (shrink)

En este artículo se pretende, a partir de la lectura de los textos literarios de Gabriel García Márquez, reconocer los elementos poéticos que se encuentran presentes de una manera peculiar y hondamente bella en su obra: la extrañeza, el pensamiento poético, la intensidad de sus imágenes, la exploración profunda de la vida, que son condiciones inherentes a la poesía, y que no solo están presentes en los distintos textos de múltiples escritores del realismo mágico Latinoamericano en general, sino de una (...) manera particular y “maravillosa” en los relatos de García Márquez. Tal vez por ello sean tan inolvidables en la memoria del cuerpo y de la inteligencia de sus lectores. (shrink)